Since last Sunday until next Saturday will be held in the autonomous region of Southern Sudan to self-determination referendum in 2005 ordered the Peace Agreement reached between the northern Islamic government and the People's Liberation Army Sudan, the militia of the Christian and animist south. After decades of slavery, genocide and finally a war (1983-2005) whose victims Southern Sudanese have estimated some two million South Sudan may be leading the way forward for African communities who aspire to statehood.
What circumstances have occurred in South Sudan that his rebel force has succeeded in breaking a sacred rule in international law, as is respect for the borders inherited from the colonial era in Africa? Just got to secede Eritrea from Ethiopia after a thirty year war and the strong argument in its favor that it had been a colony perfectly different from the monarchy Negus. Remotely similar circumstances in May will be two decades Somaliland awaits recognition of its independence, although it provides by far the highest rates of order, democracy, economic progress and respect for human rights eminently a region convulsed, and although, as Eritrea, in colonial times was a political entity distinct from the rest of Somalia, which aims still owned. Western Sahara has a similar time waiting for the referendum to ratify what everyone already knows: that the Moroccan occupation of their territory is illegal and that it is a sovereign and independent nation Alawi satrap.
The peculiarity of Southern Sudan has been supported theoretically proven cruelty northern Muslim regime of Omar Hassan al-Bashir, a rogue state that not only has taught for decades with the inhabitants of the Christian-animist south, but has also been aligned with international Islamic terrorism has been responsible for the genocide in Darfur, which weigh on Bashir arrest warrants International Criminal Court. But basically, there is a differential crucial fact is to procure the independence of a country seemingly unworkable, the poorest in Africa, whose population has increased suddenly due to the return of southerners malvivían around Khartoum have per capita daily income of less than one dollar at a 90% illiteracy rate exceeds 85% and access to water less than 5% throughout except in the capital, Juba, a country with little infrastructure, with an extreme dependence of the north in almost every way ... The differentiating factor that explains the process of self-determination so unusual is the presence in the territory sursudanés approximately 85% of reserves Oil of the Republic of Sudan, an oil extracted in the south and is exported via pipeline to Port Sudan on the Red Sea, mainly to China, which in turn supports the genocidal regime of Bashir. Today
pipeline is projected, based in Juba, cross straight Kenya Lamu in the Indian Ocean. If the domain of the routes of oil was the real cause of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (which had also involved a Chinese pipeline to the West finally took course), now you can probably just be independence, but unnatural if we consider the legal precedents. It does not seem capricious United States, China, the United Kingdom, India, South Africa, Kenya, Brazil, France, Iran, Egypt and Uganda, among others, have already opened consulates in the country, which will soon become if Sudan Embassy South finally proclaimed independence. Chinese contractors are interested in the Kenyan oil pipeline, a German company built railroads, the United States supports the independence process, France aims to uranium in Darfur ... But the plan leaves open several issues self-determination, such as the final assignment of some border regions rich in oil fields or an agreement on sharing oil revenues extracted in the south, at least while still exporting the Red Sea. It is possible that Sudan does not recognize the independence of non-compliance with the complicated requirements of the referendum, and it also re-kindled the war over any pending litigation, or perhaps no reason other than greed, ambition or caprice, as has happened traditionally. Nevertheless, a Kenyan bank forecast Sudan South could be the first economy of the area in ten years thanks to oil.
(parenthesis comes to mind about English foreign policy, for which sufficient play a few lines of a recent article by Pedro Fernández Barbadillo : "Washington is involved in the peace throughout Sudan," he says; " Beijing is the largest customer of Khartoum, Paris this week has received Sudanese Foreign Minister, New Delhi has negotiated over oil concessions, Brasilia Sudanese companies offering business ... And, while, what makes Spain? [...] In more No African country diplomats or businessmen, or journalists and English peacekeepers. "Valga reflecting the invalidity of the foreign relations of Spain, whose analysis does not seem to enter the same parameters that take into account the nations that today make the international agenda, both in the order of economic interests in the defense of human rights. Spain is not one of those countries that have opened a consulate in Juba in recent years. Meanwhile, we spend many millions every year to maintain luxurious several regions of identity-delegations, embassies in Western capitals. Logical.)
It should now be wondering what it will mean the likely independence of Southern Sudan or not it is ultimately unsuccessful, as a precedent on a continent subject for over half a century to the strains of the perpetuation of colonial borders that were never considered or tribal boundaries , which is much more important today, the Saharan divide between Islam, the north and traditional animism and Christianity imported at noon. Sursudanés the oil business could be encouraged and, in a terrible domino effect, chain conflicts in states that also support high tensions due to religious differences, economic or political, such as Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Congo, Angola ... The Digital Baleares. Digital Journalist.
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